SYNOPSIS
nm [-a|--debug-syms] [-g|--extern-only]
[-B] [-C|--demangle[=style]] [-D|--dynamic]
[-S|--print-size] [-s|--print-armap]
[-A|-o|--print-file-name]
[-n|-v|--numeric-sort] [-p|--no-sort]
[-r|--reverse-sort] [--size-sort] [-u|--undefined-only]
[-t radix|--radix=radix] [-P|--portability]
[--target=bfdname] [-fformat|--format=format]
[--defined-only] [-l|--line-numbers] [--no-demangle]
[-V|--version] [-X 32_64] [--help] [objfile...]
DESCRIPTION
GNU nm lists the symbols from object files objfile.... If
no object files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the
file a.out.
For each symbol, nm shows:
· The symbol value, in the radix selected by options
(see below), or hexadecimal by default.
· The symbol type. At least the following types are
used; others are, as well, depending on the object
file format. If lowercase, the symbol is local; if
uppercase, the symbol is global (external).
"A" The symbol's value is absolute, and will not be
changed by further linking.
"B" The symbol is in the uninitialized data section
(known as BSS).
"C" The symbol is common. Common symbols are unini
tialized data. When linking, multiple common sym
bols may appear with the same name. If the symbol
is defined anywhere, the common symbols are
treated as undefined references.
"D" The symbol is in the initialized data section.
"G" The symbol is in an initialized data section for
small objects. Some object file formats permit
more efficient access to small data objects, such
as a global int variable as opposed to a large
global array.
"I" The symbol is an indirect reference to another
symbol. This is a GNU extension to the a.out
object file format which is rarely used.
"N" The symbol is a debugging symbol.
is not defined, the value of the weak symbol
becomes zero with no error.
"W" The symbol is a weak symbol that has not been
specifically tagged as a weak object symbol. When
a weak defined symbol is linked with a normal
defined symbol, the normal defined symbol is used
with no error. When a weak undefined symbol is
linked and the symbol is not defined, the value of
the weak symbol becomes zero with no error.
"-" The symbol is a stabs symbol in an a.out object
file. In this case, the next values printed are
the stabs other field, the stabs desc field, and
the stab type. Stabs symbols are used to hold
debugging information.
"?" The symbol type is unknown, or object file format
specific.
· The symbol name.
OPTIONS
The long and short forms of options, shown here as alter
natives, are equivalent.
-A
-o
--print-file-name
Precede each symbol by the name of the input file (or
archive member) in which it was found, rather than
identifying the input file once only, before all of
its symbols.
-a
--debug-syms
Display all symbols, even debugger-only symbols; nor
mally these are not listed.
-B The same as --format=bsd (for compatibility with the
MIPS nm).
-C
--demangle[=style]
Decode (demangle) low-level symbol names into user-
level names. Besides removing any initial underscore
prepended by the system, this makes C++ function names
readable. Different compilers have different mangling
styles. The optional demangling style argument can be
used to choose an appropriate demangling style for
your compiler.
first character of format is significant; it can be
either upper or lower case.
-g
--extern-only
Display only external symbols.
-l
--line-numbers
For each symbol, use debugging information to try to
find a filename and line number. For a defined sym
bol, look for the line number of the address of the
symbol. For an undefined symbol, look for the line
number of a relocation entry which refers to the sym
bol. If line number information can be found, print
it after the other symbol information.
-n
-v
--numeric-sort
Sort symbols numerically by their addresses, rather
than alphabetically by their names.
-p
--no-sort
Do not bother to sort the symbols in any order; print
them in the order encountered.
-P
--portability
Use the POSIX.2 standard output format instead of the
default format. Equivalent to -f posix.
-S
--print-size
Print size of defined symbols for the "bsd" output
format.
-s
--print-armap
When listing symbols from archive members, include the
index: a mapping (stored in the archive by ar or ran
lib) of which modules contain definitions for which
names.
-r
--reverse-sort
Reverse the order of the sort (whether numeric or
alphabetic); let the last come first.
--size-sort
Sort symbols by size. The size is computed as the
-u
--undefined-only
Display only undefined symbols (those external to each
object file).
--defined-only
Display only defined symbols for each object file.
-V
--version
Show the version number of nm and exit.
-X This option is ignored for compatibility with the AIX
version of nm. It takes one parameter which must be
the string 32_64. The default mode of AIX nm corre
sponds to -X 32, which is not supported by GNU nm.
--help
Show a summary of the options to nm and exit.
SEE ALSO
ar(1), objdump(1), ranlib(1), and the Info entries for
binutils.
COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000,
2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify
this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documenta
tion License, Version 1.1 or any later version published
by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sec
tions, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section
entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
binutils-2.13.90.0.18 2003-03-13 NM(1)
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