Chapter 6 Ç®¿´¤Ê³Ø½¬¼Ô¤Ø¤ÎÎý½¬ÌäÂê

Table of Contents
6.1 ¥ß¥Ë DNS ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎºîÀ®
6.2 PPP ¥Õ¥£¥ë¥¿¤È¤Îµº¤ì

6.1 ¥ß¥Ë DNS ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ÎºîÀ®

³Î¤«¤Ë¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹ (DNS) ¥Ò¥¨¥é¥ë¥­¡¼¤Î´ÉÍý¤Ï¹õËâ½Ñ¤Ë¤â»÷¤¿ºî¶È¤Ç¤Ï¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹¤¬, FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤ò ISP ¤Ø¤Î¥²¡¼¥È¥¦¥§¥¤¤È¤·¤Æºîư¤µ¤»¤Ê¤¬¤é, Ʊ»þ¤Ë¾®¤µ¤Ê DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤È¤·¤Æ¤âƯ¤«¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤â²Äǽ¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤¹.

FreeBSD ¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë»þ¤Ë /etc/namedb ¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤ËºîÀ®¤µ¤ì¤ë¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¸µ¤Ë¤¹¤ì¤Ð, ¥¬¥¤¥ÉÃæ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ë¸¢°Ò¤ò»ý¤Á¤Ê¤¬¤é, ¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î DNS ¥¢¡¼¥­¥Æ¥¯¥Á¥ã¤ËÂФ¹¤ëÀµÌ̸¼´Ø¤È¤·¤Æ¤ÎÌò³ä¤â²Ì¤¿¤¹¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤¹.

ºÇ¾®¸Â¤Î DNS ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¹Ô¤¦¤Ë¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î»°¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬É¬Íפˤʤê¤Þ¤¹.

/etc/namedb/named.boot
/etc/namedb/named.root
/etc/namedb/mydomain.db

/etc/namedb/named.root ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï FreeBSD ¤Î¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î°ìÉô¤È¤·¤Æ¼«Æ°Åª¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤µ¤ì¤Þ¤¹¤¬, ¾¤ÎÆó¤Ä¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¼ê¤Ç½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤ä¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹.

6.1.1 /etc/namedb/named.boot ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

/etc/namedb/named.boot ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¥¢¥Ã¥×»þ¤ÎÀßÄê¤ò¥³¥ó¥È¥í¡¼¥ë¤·¤Þ¤¹. ´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤Ï, ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë°Ê²¼¤Î¾ðÊó¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Þ¤¹.

  1. ¤É¤³¤ËÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤¬Â¸ºß¤·,

  2. ¤É¤Î¡Ö¥É¥á¥¤¥ó̾¡×¤ò´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë¤Î¤«. ¤½¤·¤Æ

  3. ¤É¤³¤Ø¹Ô¤±¤Ð¾¤Î DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤«.

'ee' ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ, °Ê²¼¤ÎÆâÍÆ¤Î /etc/namedb/named.boot ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

; boot file for mini-name server

directory       /etc/namedb

; type    domain                source host/file                backup file

cache     .                     named.root
primary   my.domain.            mydomain.db

¥»¥ß¥³¥í¥ó¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ë¹Ô¤Ï¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤¹. ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÆâ¤Ç½ÅÍפʹԤÏ

  • directory /etc/namedb

    ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë '/etc/namedb/named.boot' ¤Î»Ä¤ê¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Ç»²¾È¤µ¤ì¤ëÀßÄê¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Î¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥Ç¥£¥ì¥¯¥È¥ê¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.

  • cache . named.root

    ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ë¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¤Î "Top-Level" ¤Î DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î°ìÍ÷¤¬ 'named.root' ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹. (¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥Ù¡¼¥¹¥¤¥ó¥¹¥È¡¼¥ë¤Î°ìÉô¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç, ¤³¤Î¥É¥­¥å¥á¥ó¥È¤Ç¤ÏÆâÍÆ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ÏÀâÌÀ¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó.)

    ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ËÂФ·¤Æ, "my.domain" ¤È¤¤¤¦ DNS ¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ò ¡Ö´ÉÍý¤¹¤ë (authoritative)¡×¤³¤È, "my.domain" (¤³¤Î¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯) ¾å¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤Î¥ê¥¹¥È¤Ï 'mydomain.db' ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ëÆâ¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.

/etc/namedb/named.boot ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤Ã¤Æ¥»¡¼¥Ö¤·¤¿¤é, ¤Ä¤®¤Î¾Ï¤Ë¿Ê¤ó¤Ç /etc/namedb/mydomain.db ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

6.1.2 /etc/namedb/mydomain.db ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë

/etc/namedb/mydomain.db ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¥¨¥ê¥¢¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯ (LAN) ¤Î¤¹¤Ù¤Æ¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤È IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò°ìÍ÷¤Ë¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤¹.

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç»ÈÍѤµ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëʸ¤Î¾ÜºÙ¤ÊÀâÌÀ¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï, named ¤Î man ¤ò»²¾È¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

¤³¤Î¥¬¥¤¥ÉÃæ¤Î¥Í¥Ã¥È¥ï¡¼¥¯¤Ç DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÀßÄê¤òºÇÄã¸Â¹Ô¤¦ /etc/namedb/mydomain.db ¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÆâÍÆ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦.

@      IN SOA  my.domain. root.my.domain.  (
                                961230  ; Ä̤·ÈÖ¹æ
                                3600    ; Ì䤤¹ç¤ï¤»
                                300     ; ºÆ»î¹Ô
                                3600000 ; ̵¸ú²½
                                3600 )  ; Í­¸ú´ü´Ö
        IN NS   curly.my.domain.

curly.my.domain.        IN A    192.168.1.1     # FreeBSD ¥Þ¥·¥ó
larry.my.domain.        IN A    192.168.1.2     # Win'95 ¥Þ¥·¥ó
moe.my.domain.          IN A    192.168.1.3     # WfW ¥Þ¥·¥ó
shemp.my.domain.        IN A    192.168.1.4     # Windows NT ¥Þ¥·¥ó

$ORIGIN 1.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA
                IN NS   curly.my.domain.
1               IN PTR  curly.my.domain.
2               IN PTR  larry.my.domain.
3               IN PTR  moe.my.domain.
4               IN PTR  shemp.my.domain.

$ORIGIN 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA
                IN NS   curly.my.domain.
1               IN PTR  localhost.my.domain.

´Êñ¤ËÀâÌÀ¤¹¤ë¤È, ¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ç¤Ï, ¥í¡¼¥«¥ë¤Î DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤ÈÀë¸À¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Þ¤¹.

  • 'my.domain' ¤È¤¤¤¦¥É¥á¥¤¥ó¤ËÂФ¹¤ë´ÉÍý¾ðÊó¤Î»ÏÅÀ (Start of Authority, "SOA") ¤Ç¤¢¤ê,

  • 'my.domain' ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð ("NS") ¤Ç¤¢¤ê,

  • '192.168.1.' ¤È '127.0.0.' ¤Ç»Ï¤Þ¤ëÁ´¤Æ¤Î IP ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ËÂФ¹¤ëµÕ°ú¤­¾ðÊó¤ËÀÕǤ¤¬¤¢¤ë¤³¤È ("$ORIGIN ...")

¤³¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤Ë¥ï¡¼¥¯¥¹¥Æ¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î¥¨¥ó¥È¥ê¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ë¤È¤­, °ì¤Ä¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Ë¤Ä¤­Æó¤Ä¤Î¹Ô¤ò²Ã¤¨¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. °ì¤Ä¤ÏƬ¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó, ¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤¬¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹ ("IN A") ¤ËÂбþ¤Å¤±¤é¤ì¤ëÉôʬ¤Ç, ¤â¤¦°ì¤Ä¤Ï $ORIGIN 1.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA ¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤Î, ¥¢¥É¥ì¥¹¤ò¥Û¥¹¥È̾¤ËµÕÉÕ¤±¤¹¤ëÉôʬ¤Ç¤¹.

6.1.3 DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Îµ¯Æ°

¥Ç¥Õ¥©¥ë¥È¤Ç¤Ï¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¤Î¥Ö¡¼¥È»þ¤Ë DNS ¥µ¡¼¥Ð ('/usr/sbin/named') ¤Ïµ¯Æ°¤·¤Þ¤»¤ó. ¤³¤Î¿¶¤ëÉñ¤¤¤Ï, °Ê²¼¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë '/etc/rc.conf' ¤ò°ì¹ÔÊѤ¨¤ë¤À¤±¤ÇÊѹ¹¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹.

'ee' ¥¨¥Ç¥£¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤Æ /etc/rc.conf ¤òÆÉ¤ß¹þ¤ß, ¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ËÅö¤¿¤ë¤Þ¤Ç 40 ¹Ô¤Û¤É²¼¤Ã¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

---
named_enable="NO"                       # Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
named_flags="-b /etc/namedb/named.boot" # Flags to named (if enabled).
---
¤³¤Î¥»¥¯¥·¥ç¥ó¤ò¼¡¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÊѤ¨¤Þ¤·¤ç¤¦.
---
named_enable="YES"                      # Run named, the DNS server (or NO).
named_flags="-b /etc/namedb/named.boot" # Flags to named (if enabled).
---
¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤ò¥»¡¼¥Ö¤·¤Æ¥Þ¥·¥ó¤òºÆµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

¤Þ¤¿¤Ï, ¼¡¤Î¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤òÂǤÁ¹þ¤ó¤Ç¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¥Ç¡¼¥â¥ó¤òµ¯Æ°¤·¤Æ¤¯¤À¤µ¤¤.

# named -b /etc/namedb/named.boot

/etc/namedb °Ê²¼¤Î¥Õ¥¡¥¤¥ë¤òÊѹ¹¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤Ï¤¤¤Ä¤â, Êѹ¹¤ËÂбþ¤µ¤»¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë, ¥Í¡¼¥à¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î¥×¥í¥»¥¹¤Ë¥­¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥¿¡¼¥È¤ò¤«¤±¤Æ¤ä¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ê¤Þ¤¹. ¤³¤ì¤Ï°Ê²¼¤Î¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à¥³¥Þ¥ó¥É¤Ç¼Â¹Ô¤Ç¤­¤Þ¤¹.

# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/named.pid`

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